Early Roman History to the fall of Tarquin
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The foundation of the Roman Republic
It is not universally accepted that Tarquin fell in 510/509 BC, so even in this matter there is considerable scope for scholarly debate. On the whole the traditional date seems to be upheld and it is consistent with the Fasti, which is the list of Roman magistrates starting with the first consuls of the Republic. A treaty of 509 BC between Rome and Carthage implies that at that time the Romans had some form of local hegemony in Latium. Polybius ascribes Rome's first treaty with Carthage to the first year of the Republic, and at this time Rome was speaking for a league of Latin cities including Ardea, Antium, Circeii, Tarracina and possibly Lavinium. By this time Rome had transferred to itself the cult of Jupiter Latiaris from Alba Longua, but the common Latin worship was still centred at the shrine of Diana at Aricia, and met at Lucus Ferentinae. This was the centre of the Latin religion from the sixth to fourth centuries. The overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy was not an isolated act of nationalism. Other Etruscan kings in other cities were also overthrown by aristocracies. There are parallels in Greek history, and the Peisistratids were overthrown in Athens in the same year of 510 BC. The aristocracy was the victor in this struggle, and it may be inferred that the Etruscans had political support within the city before and after their downfall. According to tradition there were two attempts by the Etruscans to recapture Rome and reimpose Tarquin, the first supported by Veii and Tarquinia, and the second led by Lars Porsenna of Clusium. According to Livy, the attack by Porsenna was repulsed, but the more reliable Tacitus says the city surrendered to Porsenna, which is generally accepted as the truth. However, when the Etruscans were defeated by Aristodemus at Cumae at the battle of Aricia in 505 BC this put an end to Etruscan power in Latium, and thereby prevented the restoration of Tarquin.
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Contents of
Early Roman History to the fall of Tarquin
1 Latium and Rome - the site of Rome
2 The ancient Latins
3 The problem of sources
4 Fabius Pictor and Cincius Alimentus
5 The Roman annalists
6 Greek references to early Roman history
7 The work of the Roman annalists
8 Primary sources for Roman history
9 Further primary sources for early Roman history
10 The traditional account of early Roman History from Livy
11 Ascanius
12 Romulus
13 Numa Pmplius
14 Tulius Hostilius
15 Mettius
16 Ancus Marcius
17 Tarquinius Priscus
18 Servius Tullius
19 Tarquinius Superbus
20 The Rape of Lucretia
21 Lars Porsenna
22 Rome, Latium and the foundation of Rome c. 1200 BC - c. 750 BC
23 The founding of Rome
24 Mont Cavo in the Alban Hills
25 The Palatine Hill
26 The myth of the Sabine women
27 The early Kings of Rome c. 750 BC - c. 600 BC
28 Early constitution of Rome
29 The period of the Etruscan preponderance: c. 600 BC - c. 510 BC
30 The reign of Servius
31 The reign of Tarquinius Superbus
32 The foundation of the Roman Republic
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