Early Roman History to the fall of Tarquin
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Romulus
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Amulius forced Numitor's daughter, Rhea Silvia, to be a Vestal Virgin, but she was raped and gave birth to two sons. She claimed Mars was the father. The mother was imprisoned and the boys were condemned to be drowned, but they were saved by a she-wolf who suckled them. A shepherd called Faustulus took them up and reared them. After Remus was captured at the Feast of Lupercalia on the Pallentine hill. Faustulus told Romulus that he was of royal blood. Romulus and Remus killed Amulius and were jointly proclaimed king by the people. Both sons decided to found a settlement. They decided also to settle the question of which of them is the eldest by augury. One story says that Romulus killed Remus after Remus jumped over his half- built wall on the Aventine. Romulus founded a fortified settlement on the Palatine (c. 750 BC) and founded Rome there. Romulus then summoned the people and gave them laws. He adopted rituals of the Etruscan type - the State Chair, purple-bordered toga and twelve attendants. Romulus welcomed asylum seekers into the town which rapidly grew in size. He created a hundred senators, named "Fathers" (patres) or the heads of clans. There was a shortage of women and no local communities would permit intermarriage with the Romans. A festival was held at Rome to which the locals came. The Romans raped the Sabine women. These girls subsequently negotiate a peace between the Romans and the Sabines, who were led by Titus Tatius. Men from Caenina invaded Roman territory but Romulus killed their leader in personal combat and dedicated the dead chief's armour to Jupiter as the "spoils of war". Romulus fought successful wars against Antemnae, Crustumium and the Sabines. The Sabines actually took the Capitol and the heroic Roman warrior Hostius Hostilius was killed, but Romulus rallied the Romans and took it back. It was at this point that the Sabine women intervened and parted the two armies, and peace was concluded. The Romans called themselves Quirites in honour of the Sabine town Cures. Romulus created three centuries of knights. Rome was then attacked by the men of Fidenae, but once again Romulus overcome Rome's enemies. He also defeated Veii in battle but did not take the city because of its impregnable position. Legend has it that Romulus was subsumed directly into heaven and became immortal. Romulus reigned for 37 years. Following his death the senate proclaimed an interrex for year and ten of their number took it in turns to govern. The senate acknowledged that the people were supreme but reserved the right of veto.
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Contents of
Early Roman History to the fall of Tarquin
1 Latium and Rome - the site of Rome
2 The ancient Latins
3 The problem of sources
4 Fabius Pictor and Cincius Alimentus
5 The Roman annalists
6 Greek references to early Roman history
7 The work of the Roman annalists
8 Primary sources for Roman history
9 Further primary sources for early Roman history
10 The traditional account of early Roman History from Livy
11 Ascanius
12 Romulus
13 Numa Pmplius
14 Tulius Hostilius
15 Mettius
16 Ancus Marcius
17 Tarquinius Priscus
18 Servius Tullius
19 Tarquinius Superbus
20 The Rape of Lucretia
21 Lars Porsenna
22 Rome, Latium and the foundation of Rome c. 1200 BC - c. 750 BC
23 The founding of Rome
24 Mont Cavo in the Alban Hills
25 The Palatine Hill
26 The myth of the Sabine women
27 The early Kings of Rome c. 750 BC - c. 600 BC
28 Early constitution of Rome
29 The period of the Etruscan preponderance: c. 600 BC - c. 510 BC
30 The reign of Servius
31 The reign of Tarquinius Superbus
32 The foundation of the Roman Republic
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