Early Roman History to the fall of Tarquin
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Primary sources for Roman history
The primary sources for the period may be listed in order of decreasing reliability as follows: (1) Consular Fasti. These are official lists of the chief Roman magistrates and were compiled into single publications by Mucius Scaevola, Pontifex Maximus in 130 BC in a record known as the Annales Maximi, and later by Atticus, a friend of Cicero, into a book called the liber Annulis. These lists were also published in calendars set up in temples. The consular Fasti are taken as authoritative from the third century onwards, but their authority is contested for dates prior to that, especially as they contain the names of some consuls of plebian origin, which is contrary to the tradition that no plebians held that office before 450 BC. However, it is not certain that plebians did not act as consuls prior to 450 BC and the traditional Roman dates from the consular Fasti are consistent with dates drawn from Greek history. (2) Foreign Treaties. Texts of foreign treaties between Rome and other powers survived to the first century BC - for example, the treaty with Gabii, and the Foedus Cassianum (a treaty with the Latins, 485 BC) and the treaty with Carthage (509 BC). (3) Tabula Pontificum. The work of Scaevola, the Annales Maximi, also contained records of the religious calendar that had originally been written on a whitened board (tabula pontificum) and stored in the Regia. It is believed that these records stretched back to at least 400 BC as Cicero tells us that they contained a record of a direct observation of an eclipse that is known to have happened in this year. Livy refers to an incomplete set of tabulae from the period 509 - 390 BC. (4) The Code of the Twelve Tables was made around 450 BC. The original was lost, but the content was preserved down to the period of Cicero, and we can be reasonably confident that what we have is a good account of the original. (5) Census records. The figures quoted by Roman writers for the various censuses are creditable. It seems that Roman authors used these and other similar executive records. Figures for the period prior to 300 BC are subject to scholarly dispute
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Contents of
Early Roman History to the fall of Tarquin
1 Latium and Rome - the site of Rome
2 The ancient Latins
3 The problem of sources
4 Fabius Pictor and Cincius Alimentus
5 The Roman annalists
6 Greek references to early Roman history
7 The work of the Roman annalists
8 Primary sources for Roman history
9 Further primary sources for early Roman history
10 The traditional account of early Roman History from Livy
11 Ascanius
12 Romulus
13 Numa Pmplius
14 Tulius Hostilius
15 Mettius
16 Ancus Marcius
17 Tarquinius Priscus
18 Servius Tullius
19 Tarquinius Superbus
20 The Rape of Lucretia
21 Lars Porsenna
22 Rome, Latium and the foundation of Rome c. 1200 BC - c. 750 BC
23 The founding of Rome
24 Mont Cavo in the Alban Hills
25 The Palatine Hill
26 The myth of the Sabine women
27 The early Kings of Rome c. 750 BC - c. 600 BC
28 Early constitution of Rome
29 The period of the Etruscan preponderance: c. 600 BC - c. 510 BC
30 The reign of Servius
31 The reign of Tarquinius Superbus
32 The foundation of the Roman Republic
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