The Greek Middle Ages: c. 1125 - c.700 BC
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Corcyra
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A similar motive can be seen in the fate of settlers from Eretria who established a colony at Corcyra. Having been expelled by the Corinthians on their way to Syracuse, these colonists were forcibly prevented from returning to Eretria and subsequently founded Methone in Chalcidice. Thus land-hunger driven by a substantial increase in population was the main cause of the colonial expansion of Greece during the C8th BC. However, trade was also a factor in the drive to expansion. For example, a trading post was founded by the Phoenicians, Cypriots and Euboeans at Al Mina at the mouth of the river Orontes in northern Syria. In the West Chalcis and Eretria combined to found a trading post at Pithecusae on the bay of Naples c. 775 BC, and this was probably in order to act as an entrepot between Greece and Etruria. Etruria had valuable mineral ores of its own and also controlled the important trade in amber from northern Europe and tin from Britain. Subsequently, inhabitants of Pithecusae were involved in the foundation of the city of Cumae, probably also with the intention of trading with the Etruscans. The foundation of Zancle (Messina) by Chalcis c. 730 BC can best be explained by the strategic need to control the straits of Messina and trade with the Etruscans; it is poor in agricultural land, and subsequently settlers from Zancle founded Mylae situated 20 miles to the west. Later Zancle and Chalcis combined to found Rhegium on the opposite side of the straits. The Corinthian expulsion of Eretrians from Corcyra in 734 BC also displays a strong motive to control trade.
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Contents of
The Greek Middle Ages: c. 1125 - c.700 BC
1 Population growth and land hunger
2 Economic expansion and the rising "middle class"
3 Cultural developments in Greece during the period of tyrannies
4 Hoplite tactics
5 Factional politics
6 Ethnic tensions
7 The downfall of tyrants in archaic Greece
8 The Dorian and Ionic migrations
9 The Dorians
10 Greek Dark age
11 The Greek City States
12 Greek colonization of the C8th BC
13 Greek colonization of the Aegean and East
14 Greek settlers in the Euxine
15 Causes of the Greek colonization
16 Archaeological evidence for Greek population expansion in C8th BC
17 Foundation of Cyrene
18 Corcyra
19 Olbia
20 The Lelantine war
21 Relations with Egypt
22 Greek Culture during the Greek Middle Ages
23 Introduction of phonetic script
24 Homer
25 Hesiod
26 Foundation of the Olympic Games
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