The Greek Middle Ages: c. 1125 - c.700 BC
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Greek colonization of the Aegean and East
The Greeks also expanded into the northern Aegean and East. The Eretrians, having lost Kerkyra to Corinth, founded Methone in the north-west Aegean. The three-pronged peninsula below Thrace became known as Chalkidiké after Chalkis, which organised the settlements there. However, the Thracians were a strong and war-like people and the Greek settlements were confined to the coastal areas. Greek ships succeeded in navigating the difficult waters of the Dardanelles and penetrated into the Marmara. Lesbos founded Sestos on the eastern coast of the narrows facing the Troad. After Megara gained independence from Corinth her access to the West was cut off; subsequently, Megara took a leading role in the colonisation of the north-east, probably as a result of combined ventures that included the Boiotians at least. Megara founded Kachadon (Chalcedon) and Byzantion (Constantinople). The Phrygian kingdom was overthrown in c. 675 BC by barbarian migrants, the Kimmerians, who were in turn forced out of Russia by the Scythians. They also sacked the Ionian town of Magnesia. Gyges, the king of Lydia, attacked Ionia, and was killed in fighting with the Kimmerians around 650 BC. Nonetheless, Gyges allowed the Milesians to found Abydos opposite Sestos, and the Milesians started to move up the Black Sea coast founding Sinope, Trapezous (Trebizond) and on the Dnieper, Olbia. The Scythians remained essentially nomads, but nonetheless traded in corn for export and Dioskourias on the Caucasus was an trading outpost. Miletos is credited with founding seventy colonies around the Euxine (Black Sea). Megara founded several other colonies there, including Herakleia (Eregli).
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Contents of
The Greek Middle Ages: c. 1125 - c.700 BC
1 Population growth and land hunger
2 Economic expansion and the rising "middle class"
3 Cultural developments in Greece during the period of tyrannies
4 Hoplite tactics
5 Factional politics
6 Ethnic tensions
7 The downfall of tyrants in archaic Greece
8 The Dorian and Ionic migrations
9 The Dorians
10 Greek Dark age
11 The Greek City States
12 Greek colonization of the C8th BC
13 Greek colonization of the Aegean and East
14 Greek settlers in the Euxine
15 Causes of the Greek colonization
16 Archaeological evidence for Greek population expansion in C8th BC
17 Foundation of Cyrene
18 Corcyra
19 Olbia
20 The Lelantine war
21 Relations with Egypt
22 Greek Culture during the Greek Middle Ages
23 Introduction of phonetic script
24 Homer
25 Hesiod
26 Foundation of the Olympic Games
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