The Problem of Universals
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Universals and realism
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The belief that there are universals (or Forms, to use Plato's term) is sometimes called realism. This is potentially confusing, because the term realism is also used to denote the belief that there exists a real world that corresponds to our perceptions. The term realism is used in many different contexts. For example, Kant, who believes that there are universals also adopts a form of idealism when it comes to material reality. He is a realist with respect to forms, but an idealist with respect to matter.
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Contents of
The Problem of Universals
1 Hume, Empiricism - that ideas are copies of impressions
2 Plato and his argument in The Meno: the doctrine of recollection and the idea of metempsychosis
3 Plato - forms, universals, ideas - the problem of universals
4 Universals and realism
5 Empiricism and nominalism - Hobbes
6 The problem of participation and the infiinte regress in the third man argument
7 Wittgenstein and his attack on universals
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